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Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (also known as NAD+ or NAD Plus) is a crucial coenzyme found in every cell of our bodies. Research suggests it plays a fundamental role in energy metabolism and is involved in several key biological processes such as DNA repair, cell signalling, and regulation of protein activity.

NAD+ levels naturally decrease with age, and this decline has been associated with aging and various health conditions. As such, strategies to boost NAD+ levels, such as supplementation with NAD+ precursors, are being explored for their potential health and anti-aging benefits.

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What Is NAD+?

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ or NAD Plus) is a critical coenzyme found in all living cells, playing a pivotal role in metabolic processes and cellular function. As a electron carrier, NAD plus is integral to redox reactions, facilitating the transfer of electrons in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Additionally, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide serves as a substrate for several essential enzymes, including sirtuins and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases, which are involved in DNA repair and cellular ageing. Research into NAD+ has highlighted its potential implications in age-related diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative conditions, making it a significant molecule of interest in biomedical sciences. Understanding the mechanisms and pathways influenced by NAD+ can potentially lead to novel therapeutic strategies and interventions.

NAD Plus Mechanism Of Action

NAD plus plays a crucial role in keeping our cells healthy and functioning properly. One of its main functions is in redox reactions, where it shifts between oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH) forms. This cycling is vital for maintaining electron flow in metabolic pathways, which ensures efficient ATP production through processes like glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

Additionally, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide serves as a substrate for post-translational modifications that affect cellular signaling pathways. NAD+-dependent sirtuins, for example, deacetylate histones and other proteins, which helps regulate chromatin structure and gene expression, influencing important processes like aging, regulating cell growth, reducing inflammation, improving brain health, boosting immunity and stress resistance.

Moreover, NAD+ is utilized by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) during DNA repair. PARPs use NAD+ to create poly (ADP-ribose) chains, which help assemble DNA repair complexes. The multifunctional nature of NAD+ highlights its vital role in cellular metabolism, epigenetic regulation, and maintaining genomic integrity, making it a key focus in modern biomedical research.

Structure of NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)

Sequence: N/A

Molecular Formula: C21H27N7O14P2

Molecular Weight: 663.4 g/mol

PubChem CID: 5892

What Are The Research Benefits of NAD+

NAD+ Peptide and Cellular Energy Production: NAD+ peptide is a crucial coenzyme in the production of ATP, the cellular energy currency. Europe Research indicates it facilitates electron transfer in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, thereby promoting efficient energy production in cells [1].

Role in DNA Repair Mechanisms: Research suggests peptide Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plays a vital role in the DNA repair process by serving as a substrate for PARP (Poly ADP-ribose polymerases), enzymes that repair DNA damage and maintain genomic stability which helps to slow down the aging process [2].

Regulation of Sirtuins: NAD+ peptide is a critical regulator of sirtuins, a family of proteins that modulate cellular processes like aging, inflammation, metabolism, and stress resistance. Europe Studies suggest by activating sirtuins, NAD+ peptide contributes to cellular health and longevity [3].

Potential Anti-Aging Effects: Studies on animal models suggest that supplementing with NAD+ peptide may counteract age-related declines in NAD+ levels, potentially offering anti-aging benefits [4]. Increasing levels of NAD+ enhances mitochondrial function and mitigates cellular damage linked to aging, leading to improved DNA repair, greater metabolic efficiency, and activation of sirtuins—crucial for promoting cellular longevity and healthspan [5]. This multifaceted influence on cellular processes establishes Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide as a promising candidate for anti-aging therapies, with the potential to extend both lifespan and quality of life in aging individuals.

Enhancement of Muscle Function: Recent studies suggest that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide peptide supplementation may enhance muscle function and performance. Increased NAD+ levels have been shown to improve muscle strength and endurance by enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing muscle fatigue. This is especially beneficial for conditions associated with muscle wasting and athletic performance [6].

Neuroprotection: Research indicates that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide peptide plays a critical role in neuroprotection [7]. By enhancing mitochondrial function and reducing oxidative stress, NAD plus peptide supports neuronal survival and function. Studies have shown that this peptide can mitigate neuronal damage in models of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, suggesting its potential therapeutic benefits in maintaining cognitive health and slowing the progression of neurodegeneration [8].

Impact on Blood Pressure Regulation: Emerging studies have shown that Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide peptide may play a role in regulating blood pressure. Some animal studies suggest that NAD plus supplementation could help in modulating the vascular tone and reducing hypertension by improving endothelial function and reducing oxidative stress [9].

Metabolic Health: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide peptide is involved in several metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA cycle. Europe Research suggests it could potentially improve metabolic health and combat metabolic disorders [10].

Modulation of Inflammation: Increasing evidence suggests that NAD+ peptide plays a significant role in modulating inflammatory responses. By influencing various signalling pathways and immune cell function, including the regulation of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), it can potentially reduce chronic inflammation and offer therapeutic benefits for inflammatory diseases, including arthritis and inflammatory bowel diseases [11].

Addiction: Recent Europe studies indicate that NAD+ may play a role in addiction therapy. Elevated NAD levels have been observed to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings in individuals with substance use disorders, suggesting its potential utility in addiction treatment protocols. The mechanisms underlying these effects include the restoration of neurotransmitter balance and the reduction of oxidative stress in neuronal cells [12].

Cancer Research: Research into NAD plus peptide has revealed its complex involvement in cancer biology. While NAD is generally known to support cellular health, certain cancers exploit elevated NAD+ levels to promote rapid cell proliferation and tumour growth. This dual role suggests that modulating NAD+ metabolism could offer new therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer cells without affecting normal cellular functions. Europe Studies are underway to explore the potential of NAD plus peptide inhibitors or modulators in slowing down tumour progression and enhancing the efficacy of existing cancer treatments [13].

Ongoing Research and Therapeutic Potential: The therapeutic potential of NAD+ peptide is an active area of research. Europe Studies are exploring its potential in treating conditions like heart disease, cancer, and mitochondrial disorders [14].

Buy NAD Plus Peptide Vial

Our high quality, 99% purity NAD+ peptide vials are available in sizes of 250mg and 500mg, suitable for vitro laboratory experiments. Prior to use, the NAD plus injections must be reconstituted in bacteriostatic water, following specific concentrations based on your application requirements. Proper reconstitution is essential to preserve the peptide’s integrity and optimise its effectiveness in your research protocols.

You can buy NAD Plus 500mg peptide vial as part of a kit that includes bacteriostatic water and syringes for convenient use.

Other Anti-Aging Peptides

For those looking to do comparative studies, or experiments on synergistic effects, discover other anti-aging peptides from Direct Peptides Europe:

Epithalon: Known for its role in regulating the production of telomerase, Epithalon is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring peptide, Epithalamin. It has been shown to lengthen telomeres in human cells, which may enhance cell longevity and health. Epithalon also plays a role in promoting melatonin production, thereby improving sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. Buy Epithalon Peptides here.
FOXO4-DRI: This peptide works by disrupting the interaction between the FOXO4 protein and p53, a pathway associated with cellular senescence. By preventing this interaction, FOXO4-DRI helps clear senescent cells, which can otherwise contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Studies suggest that it could improve tissue function and extend healthy lifespan. Buy FOXO4-DRI Peptides here.
MOTS-C: A mitochondrial-derived peptide, MOTS-C helps regulate metabolic processes and cellular energy. It has shown promise in enhancing mitochondrial function, increasing insulin sensitivity, and reducing age-related metabolic decline. Research indicates that MOTS-C could be beneficial in managing age-associated metabolic disorders, thereby supporting overall health and longevity. Buy MOTS-C Peptides here.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about NAD+

Is NAD+ Peptide Vial Legal?

Yes, NAD+ peptide vials are generally legal for research purposes in many countries. These products are often available through research chemical suppliers and are intended for laboratory and clinical research. However, regulations for NAD+ peptides can vary widely by country.

In the United States, these substances are not approved by the FDA for therapeutic use, and their sale for human consumption is restricted. It’s essential for researchers and consumers to source these compounds from reputable suppliers like Direct Peptides Europe that comply with local regulations. Always check the legal status of NAD+ peptides in your area before purchasing or using them.

Is niacin the same as NAD+?

Niacin, or vitamin B3, is a precursor to NAD+, existing in two forms: nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. This conversion to NAD+ is essential for cellular functions, including energy production and DNA repair. Researchers are exploring niacin and its derivatives, like nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), for their potential to boost NAD+ levels, which could significantly impact health, aging, and disease treatment. Increasing dietary niacin or supplementation may effectively elevate NAD+ levels in the body.

What is NMN NAD supplement?

Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) is a key dietary supplement that boosts NAD+ levels in the body, found naturally in foods like broccoli and avocado. It enhances cellular function and overall health, with potential benefits in anti-aging, metabolic function, and energy levels. Emerging research suggests NMN may also help with neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular health, and diabetes management, but further clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety in humans.

What are the side effects of NAD Plus?

Commonly reported adverse effects reported in studies include: irritation at the injection site, nausea and gastrointestinal upset, headaches, flushing and sweating, fatigue, dizziness, and sometimes allergic reactions. Researchers should monitor closely when conducting clinical trials and adjust the dosage accordingly.

What is the Difference Between NAD+ Peptide and NAD+ Supplements?

Understanding the differences between NAD+ peptides and NAD+ supplements is crucial for effectively boosting NAD+ levels and their health benefits. NAD+ peptides are protein segments that enhance the activity of NAD+-dependent enzymes, playing a vital role in cellular functions like DNA repair and energy metabolism.

In contrast, NAD+ supplements such as nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), increase NAD+ levels by converting within cells. Available in various forms such as a capsule, sublingual tablets, or injections, key distinctions include their mechanisms of action, delivery methods, benefits, and therapeutic uses. While both support cellular health, NAD+ peptides may offer targeted benefits, whereas supplements are used more broadly for general health and anti-aging.

You can buy NAD Plus peptides for subcutaneous injections from Direct Peptides Europe for research purposes only, however, we do not sell NAD nutritional supplements.

What are the benefits of NAD resveratrol?

Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol found in grapes and berries, has antioxidant properties and potential health benefits, especially when combined with NAD+. This combination can improve mitochondrial function, reduce inflammation, and protect against oxidative stress, promoting cardiovascular health and metabolic efficiency. It may also offer neuroprotective benefits for cognitive function. While preliminary studies are promising, more research is needed to confirm these benefits in humans.

Is nicotinamide riboside the same as NAD?

Nicotinamide riboside (NR) is a precursor to NAD+, a form of vitamin B3 that converts into NAD+ in the body. This conversion is crucial for increasing NAD+ levels, which support energy production, DNA repair, and cellular health. Europe Research suggests that NR supplementation may promote longevity, enhance metabolic health, and offer therapeutic benefits for neurodegenerative diseases and muscle decline, highlighting the significance of NAD+ precursors for optimal physiological functions.

Where is the best place to buy NAD Plus?

Direct Peptides Europe is the best place to buy NAD Plus peptides 250 mg and 500 mg for research. Our online store offers premium quality peptides that are highly purified and tested for potency and purity. With our strict quality control measures, you can trust that you’re getting the highest quality NAD Plus peptides on the market. We also offer competitive pricing and fast shipping options to ensure you receive your order in a timely manner.

Summary of Research Applications

Promotes energy on a cellular level
Helps repair DNA damage
Regulates sirtuins, improving cellular health and lifespan, promoting healthy aging
Helps to regulate blood pressure
Boosts mitochondrial function, which helps reduce muscle fatigue and enhances overall muscle performance
Promotes neuroprotection and helps to slow the progression of neurodegenerative diseases
Enhances metabolic health, reducing oxidative stress
Helps modulate the immune function by activating various immune cells to fight infections
Helps reduce chronic inflammation
Potential to treat substance use addictions
Ongoing studies in cancer research to slow down tumour progression

Buy NAD Plus 250mg peptide vial, available from Direct Peptides Europe online.

NAD+ Peptide Quality Assured

Maintaining the highest quality standards for NAD+ peptides is crucial for ensuring reliable research outcomes. When you buy NAD Plus peptides from Direct Peptides Europe, rigorous quality control measures are implemented throughout the entire manufacturing process, from the initial selection of raw materials to the final product.

Our NAD+ undergoes comprehensive testing to verify its purity, potency, and safety, adhering to and often surpassing industry and regulatory benchmarks. Each batch is meticulously assessed in state-of-the-art laboratories, utilizing advanced analytical techniques to identify any potential impurities or inconsistencies.

Researchers looking to buy NAD Plus can trust Direct Peptides Europe to deliver a premium product that meets stringent quality criteria. This commitment to excellence ensures that scientists and researchers can confidently conduct their work, knowing that they are using a high-quality NAD+ supplement.

View the HPLC Certificate here.

References For Further Reading

[1] E Verdin (2015) NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration – Science, 2015 Dec 4, Volume 350 (Issue 6265), Pages 1208-13.

[2] E Fouquerela and R W Sobol (2014) ARTD1 (PARP1) activation and NAD+ in DNA repair and cell death – DNA Repair, Volume 23, November 2014, Pages 27-32.

[3] S-I Imai and L Guarente (2014) NAD+ and Sirtuins in Aging and Disease – Trends in Cell Biology, August 2014, Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 464-471.

[4] H Zhang, D Ryu, Y Wu, K Gariani, X Wang, et al (2016) NAD⁺ repletion improves mitochondrial and stem cell function and enhances life span in mice – Science, 2016 Jun 17, Volume 352 (Issue 6292), Pages 1436-43.

[5] J Camacho-Pereira, M G Tarragó, C C S Chini, V Nin, C Escande, et al (2016) CD38 dictates age-related NAD decline and mitochondrial dysfunction through a SIRT3-dependent mechanism – Cell Metabolism, 2016 Jun 14, Volume 23 (Issue 6), Pages 1127–1139.

[6] D Ryu, H Zhang, E R Ropelle, V Sorrentino, D A G Mázala (2016) NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global PARylation – Science Translational Medicine, 2016 Oct 19, Volume 8 (No.361), Pages 361ra139.

[7] A Lloret, M F Beal (2019) PGC-1α, Sirtuins and PARPs in Huntington’s Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Conditions: NAD+ to Rule Them All – Neurochemical Research, 2019 Oct, Volume 44 (Issue 10), Pages 2423-2434.

[8] C Shan, Y-L Gong, Q-Q Zhuang , Y- Hou (2019) Protective effects of β- nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide against motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal damage in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease – Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2019 Aug 30, Volume 94, Page 109670.

[9] I Mattagajasingh, C-S Kim, A Naqvi, T Yamamori, et al (2007) SIRT1 promotes endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase – Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007 Sep 11, Volume 104 (Issue 37), Pages 14855-60.

[10] C Cantó, K Menzies, and J Auwerx (2015) NAD+ metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis – a balancing act between mitochondria and the nucleus – Cell Metabolism, 2015 Jul 7, Volume 22 (Issue 1), Pages 31–53.

[11] S Yamaguchi and J Yoshino (2017) Adipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Obesity and Insulin Resistance: From Mechanism to Therapy – Bio Essays, Volume 39, Issue 5, May 2017, Page 1600227.

[12] N Braidy, M D Villalva, and S van Eeden (2020) Sobriety and Satiety: Is NAD+ the Answer? – Antioxidants (Basel),2020 May, Volume 9 (Issue 5), Page 425.

[13] K Yaku, K Okabe, K Hikosaka, and T Nakagawa (2018) NAD Metabolism in Cancer Therapeutics – Frontiers in Oncology, 2018 Dec 12, Volume 8, Page 622.

[14] L Rajman, K Chwalek, and D A Sinclair (2018) Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence – Cell Metabolism, 2018 Mar 6, Volume 27 (Issue 3), Pages 529–547.

Why Choose Direct Peptides Europe?

Buy NAD Plus today and discover premium quality clinical grade peptides with Direct Peptides Europe, your premier source for Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide peptides available in 250mg and 500mg vials.

Explore our selection of peptide supplies here for reconstitution, featuring bacteriostatic water, syringes, alcohol swabs, pen needle tips, and empty cartridges.

ALL CONTENT AND PRODUCT INFORMATION AVAILABLE ON THIS WEBSITE IS FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY.

DISCLAIMER: These products are intended solely as a research chemical only. This classification allows for their use only for research development and laboratory studies. The information available on our Europe Direct Peptides website: https://europe.direct-peptides.com is provided for educational purposes only. These products are not for human or animal use or consumption in any manner. Handling of these products should be limited to suitably qualified professionals. They are not to be classified as a drug, food, cosmetic, or medicinal product and must not be mislabelled or used as such.

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Shop our Full Range of NAD+ Peptides

NAD+ Peptide Vial

What Is NAD+?

NAD Plus Mechanism Of Action